Who can be “really, really smart?”

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Which person is "really, really smart?" Which child is more likely to get good grades in school? Photo credit: wavebreakmedia/Shutterstock

Who thinks girls are as smart as boys? One study found that it depends on a kid's age and gender. In a set of empirical studies, a team of researchersinvestigated gender differences in gender stereotypes. CNN covered the research. 

The researchers asked young girls and boys (aged 5 to 7) to participate in several tasks.

In one test, researchers told the children a story about a person who was "really, really smart." "We were very careful to leave out any clues as to the person's gender," said researcher Lin Bian, a psychologist at the University of Illinois. The children were then asked to guess who the protagonist of the story was. [For this, kids were shown photos of four  unfamiliar adults, 2 males and 2 females, and asked to select one.] At age 5, both boys and girls picked out characters of their own gender. But within a year, that had changed. Boys still picked boys, she said — but girls were picking boys, too.  "Suddenly, at age 6, girls became less likely than boys to do this," Bian said.

 
1. What are the variables in this study?

2. Sketch a small graph of the results they report. In your graph, how will you depict the result that age 6, "girls were picking boys, too"? Do you think this means that all the girls picked boys, or that they picked girls and boys equally?
3. This study uses a concurrent measures design. Why?
 
Here's a description of another task:
 
…in another task, the children were asked to choose who would get the best grades in school from four children, two girls and two boys. No difference was seen between the younger and older girls' likelihood of choosing their own gender.
 
4. What are the variables in this study? 
 
5. Sketch a small graph of the results this time.
 
6. One of the studies found gender stereotypes, and the other did not. How might you explain the difference in the two studies?